Ruthenium-Based Therapeutics

Combining bench-top synthesis with quantum chemistry and molecular docking to design the next generation of metal-based anticancer and antimycobacterial agents.

A Two-Pronged Approach

My PhD research centres on ruthenium(III) and half-sandwich Ru-arene complexes bearing Schiff-base ligands. Unlike cisplatin — the gold-standard metal-based anticancer drug — ruthenium compounds can switch between oxidation states inside the cell, potentially offering improved selectivity and lower toxicity.

For every compound I synthesise, I run a parallel computational study: DFT calculations reveal the electronic structure, HOMO-LUMO gaps predict reactivity, MEP maps show where the molecule "wants" to bind, and molecular docking places it inside a target protein to estimate affinity. Lab results then confirm — or challenge — what the computer predicted.

This dialogue between computation and experiment is the engine of my research.

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Synthesis & Characterisation
NMR · FT-IR · UV-Vis · Single-crystal X-ray · CHNS analysis
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Computational Analysis
DFT (GAUSSIAN) · HOMO-LUMO · MEP · Molecular docking · ADME
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Biological Evaluation
Anticancer assays · Antimycobacterial (TB) · Antioxidant · DNA binding
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Structure–Activity Relationships
Correlating substituent effects with potency across 10+ complexes
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Novel Complexes
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Publications
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Citations
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H-index
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Conferences

Half-Sandwich Ru(II) Arene Complex

Interactive 3D piano-stool geometry — the structural motif underlying Dr. Arshi's Schiff-base Ru-arene anticancer compounds. Drag to rotate, scroll to zoom.

[Ru(η⁶-p-cymene)(N,O-Schiff base)Cl]⁺  ·  Piano-Stool Geometry
The η⁶ p-cymene arene ring (top) forms the "seat"; the Schiff-base N,O donors and chloride (bottom three ligands) form the "legs" — together giving the characteristic piano-stool geometry of half-sandwich organoruthenium complexes. Based on compounds reported in ChemistrySelect (2025).
Atom colours: Ru (ruthenium) C (carbon) N (nitrogen) O (oxygen) Cl (chloride) η⁶ coordination

Peer-Reviewed Work

Jan 2026 Published
Exploring Schiff Base and its Palladium Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, Antimycobacterial Activity, DFT, Molecular Docking and ADME Studies
Journal of Molecular Structure
↗ 10.1016/j.molstruc.2025.143704
Apr 2025 Published
New Ru(III) 2,6-Bis(2-Benzimidazolyl)Pyridine Complexes Bearing p-Sub-Benzyl Thiosemicarbazones Schiff Base: Synthesis, Characterization, DNA Binding and Anti-cancer Activity
Chemistry – An Asian Journal
↗ 10.1002/asia.202500059
Jan 2025 Published
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Insights of Half Sandwich Ruthenium-Arene Schiff Base Complexes: Molecular Docking and DFT
ChemistrySelect
↗ 10.1002/slct.202404895
Feb 2023 Published
Synthesis, DFT Calculation, DNA Binding, and Biological Evaluation of Some Mononuclear Ru(III) Complexes with 2,6-Bis(2-benzimidazolyl)pyridine Bearing Different p-Substituted Heterochalcones
Russian Journal of General Chemistry
↗ 10.1134/S1070363223020202
Nov 2022 Published
Design, Synthesis, Theoretical, Spectroscopic and Molecular Docking Studies of Ruthenium and Zinc Complexes and their Antimycobacterial Study
Asian Journal of Chemistry
↗ 10.14233/ajchem.2022.23867
Preprint Preprint
Ampicillin-Derived Ruthenium Schiff Base Complexes as Emerging Anticancer and Antimicrobial Candidates: Synthesis, Characterization, DFT, ADME and Molecular Docking
SSRN
↗ 10.2139/ssrn.5512074